In 1993 Rauscher et al. discovered that after listening to Mozart’s sonata for a short period of time, participants showed significantly better spatial reasoning skills. Since then, the Mozart effect has become widely used especially among students. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Mozart effect on short term emotional intelligence among undergraduate medical students. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted among batch 45 undergraduate medical students in a private medical university in Malaysia. Participants were divided into control (n=20) and intervention (n=20) group by block stratified randomization. A piece from Mozart Sonata for two Pianos in D, K.448 was played for 15 minutes and was given a content validated, self-developed questionnaire for the intervention group whereas only the self-developed questionnaire was given to the control group (no preceding music was played). The data analyzed by using unpaired t-test, mean, standard deviation and mean difference was calculated. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Our research was divided to four main domains under emotional intelligence. First domain; emotionality was assessed using four questions and a mean (SD) of 13.90 (4.13) for intervention group and 11.35 (2.76) for control group was obtained (p= 0.027). The second domain; self- control was assessed by two questions and a mean (SD) of 8.00 (1.81) for the intervention group and 6.55 (1.79) for the control group (p= 0.016). The third domain; sociability was assessed by four questions and a mean (SD) of 14.80 (3.93) for the intervention group and 13.05 (2.99) for the control group (p= 0.121). The fourth domain; wellbeing was assessed by five questions and a mean (SD) of 19,9 (4.35) for the intervention group and 17.6 (3.68) for the control group (p= 0.079). The result of our study is in alignment with prior research that had been done in South Africa whereby the outlook, emotionality, and self -discipline of high school students were improved due to music involvement.

Along with the technological development, the use of video-based learning has increased rapidly in the higher education sector. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of video-based learning on medical students’ memory while comparing with the effectiveness of text-based learning. A randomized controlled trial was performed in a private medical university in Malaysia by recruiting 40 medical students. The sample was randomized as block randomization. The intervention group was shown a video on DNA Fingerprinting and were given a questionnaire to assess the memory, concentration, satisfaction, and performance. The control group was given a text on the same topic which was followed by a questionnaire to assess the memory, concentration, satisfaction, and performance. All statistical tests were seen at two-tailed level of level of significance (p<0.05). The mean score percentage of the video-based learning was 74.5 whereas the text-based learning had a mean score percentage of 78.0. The text-based group scored more than the video-based group (mean score difference = 3.5±16.45, 95% CI = -7.93, 14.93, p= 0.538). The concentration was measured using a Likert scale and both the intervention and control group gave a score of 4. The study showed that the participants preferred video-based learning for future use. In conclusion, the video-based intervention learning was more preferred method than text-based learning although the mean score percentage was lower in the intervention group.

Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare entity among the extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis infection. It can be challenging to diagnose as it can mimics malignancy it when endoscopic examination shows left fossa of Rosenmuller mass. It presents as nasopharyngeal mass mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Here we report a case of secondary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis with laryngeal, trachea-bronchial tree, pulmonary and cervical nodal involvement is reported.

Prompt diagnosis can bewas achieved with combination of endoscopic, bacteriological and imaging investigations.

Good treatment outcome wasis achieved with following 9 months of anti-tubercular medications.

The high polyphenol content in blackcurrants is the most important component which makes it favorable for better mood enhancement and reduce perceived stress among medical students. There are a few randomized trials indicating that blackcurrant juice has a positive effect on mood. However, there are limited evidence showing that blackcurrant juice plays a role in reducing perceived stress. This pilot study utilized a randomized, single blind and placebo-controlled design to find out the effect of blackcurrant juice on mood and perceived stress. A total of 65 medical students were randomized into the intervention group (n=32) where they received blackcurrant juice for three consecutive days and into the control group (n=33) where they received placebo for three consecutive days as well. Evaluation of mood and perceived stress was done after three days by using Bond-Lader visual Analogue Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results show the blackcurrant group had a higher score in terms of calmness in subjective mood, as measured by the Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale at post-intervention [mean difference 8.60; 95% CI 0.25 to 16.95; P=0.044]. However, there was no significant difference between the groups with regards to positive and negative affect of mood, alertness and contentment of subjective mood, and perceived stress, as measured by the PANAS and perceived stress scale at post-intervention. When comparing the baseline and post-intervention, participants in the group receiving blackcurrant juice showed significant difference in mood based on the Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale and perceived stress. Around 15.6% of blackcurrant juice group had the side effects such as gas/bleaching. In a nutshell, blackcurrant juice poses a good effect on the overall mood and perceived stress.