Fitness is one of the most important things to achieve in this world. Historical evidences always guide us on our food habit. There was a great difference between wild and captive (zoo) animals on the basis of their food items. Though zoo animals get obese but with special care, medical facilities, and good food they showed higher longevity than wilderness. For less physical activity and sedentary life domestic animals are becoming fatty. Their fatty body is not good for their own life as well as human consumption. It is possible to take fruits than meat anytime. Animals are very active in jungle and burn calorie in fighting, nesting, migration, reproduction and so on. For humans, gym for building muscle, yoga for spirituality, and aerobic exercise for fresh-air are effective on actual fitness.

Depression is the second most common geriatric issue affecting approximately 5% of the aging population worldwide. In Malaysia, there is reported 37% of late-life depression (LLD) in primary care settings. Late-life depression is a complex form of depression, which makes the diagnosis tougher. In this report, we reflect on the challenges in recognizing LLD, and the need for practice improvement in order to not miss the diagnosis. Mr. G, a 67-year-old man, presented with severe constipation and significant weight loss. Thorough investigations have been done in tertiary centre which included multiple scopes and scans, but the findings were inconclusive. Yet one issue was missed that had social withdrawal for the past 2 years since the Covid-19 pandemic started. He refused to leave his room and bathed only once a week. He had a depressed mood, reduced appetite, and increased somnolence. He looked cachectic and depressed clinically.  He was IADL-partial-dependent. He scored 21/30, 6/15, and 21/27 for Mini mental state examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) respectively. Oral Sertraline was started, and the outcome was remarkably favorable. Mr. G could have been treated earlier if the depression had been diagnosed ahead. Missing out LLD is quite common, perhaps due to a lack of awareness among medical practitioners. We are focused on physical ailments compared to mental, and this needs to change for the betterment of care. It is important to screen every elderly patient for LLD. It might be challenging however simple instruments like Whooley and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) would do the betterment for the patient care.

One of the most often used medical instruments is the stethoscope, however due to contamination, there is rising concern about its potential to transmit infections including COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the stethoscope hygiene attitudes and practices among clinical year medical students during the COVID-19 endemic period. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in their clinical years at Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM). Data collection was facilitated via questionnaires disseminated through electronic mail and social media platforms. The data were analyzed using Epi Info software, and the Chi-square test was employed to investigate the associations between demographic factors, attitudes, personal hygiene practices, and stethoscope hygiene practices among the study participants. Among 121 participants, 80.1% cleaned their stethoscopes during clinical practice. However, 9.9% of them sanitized their stethoscopes after every patient, while 4.1% cleaned more than once daily. No significant associations were found between demographic variables and stethoscope hygiene practices. However, positive attitudes and personal hygiene practices were associated with better stethoscope hygiene (P<0.05). Our findings underscore the imperative for medical institutions to implement educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness regarding optimal stethoscope hygiene practices. Adherence to such practices is crucial in mitigating the risks of nosocomial disease transmission, a concern that has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emerging and re-emerging diseases are major public health concerns worldwide. Medical students should acknowledge the importance of health literacy (HL) and effectively promote HL to the community, especially in the context of disease prevention and control measures. This pilot study aims to explore undergraduate medical students’ perception of HL for the prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This study was conducted as a secondary data analysis of students’ responses to pre-lecture preparation questions for the topic of emerging and re-emerging diseases in the undergraduate medical programme. The qualitative answers to pre-lecture preparation questions were extracted from Google form and analyzed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software. A total of 18 students’ qualitative answers were analyzed and five salient themes were identified: Importance of HL in community, Benefits of competent HL in community, Role of HL in disease prevention, Strategies to improve HL in community and Suggestions for focus on HL promotion activities. The students appreciated the benefits and importance of HL, especially in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Strategies to improve HL in the community should be initiated from school health education and further developed through social media, mass media, and community campaigns while collaborating with non-governmental organizations. HL promotion activities should encourage self-education, critical thinking, and utilization of credible sources. Students considered that underprivileged and low-income populations should be targeted for these interventions. Medical students appreciated the importance of HL for disease prevention and control and suggested educational interventions or campaigns to promote HL in the community.

Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Malaysia. This study describes the knowledge, attitude and practice of dengue patients admitted to Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban, Malaysia. A descriptive, community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 231 participants admitted to Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar with a diagnosis of dengue fever. The questionnaire included questions on demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue fever. The age group was divided into two groups, which were respondents less than 40 years old and respondents of 40 years old or more. Most of the respondents were married (55.0%), Malays (66.7%), and acknowledged that Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of dengue fever (93.5 %). There was a significant association (p= 0.045) between knowledge score and socioeconomic factors like 40 years or more, higher educational level, higher family income, lower number of dengue experiences, moderate density of plants and low density of mosquitoes. Participants generally have a good attitude towards dengue fever, with an average score of above 8. Most of the participants (85.7%) are afraid of dengue (agree or strongly agree). There were no significant association between attitude (p = 2.224) and practices (p = 2. 079) score with age. In light of these findings, it is important for public health initiatives to address knowledge and enhance awareness, such as organising promotional health campaigns. This would be helpful in increasing the practices in preventing dengue fever.