In 1993 Rauscher et al. discovered that after listening to Mozart’s sonata for a short period of time, participants showed significantly better spatial reasoning skills. Since then, the Mozart effect has become widely used especially among students. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Mozart effect on short term emotional intelligence among undergraduate medical students. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted among batch 45 undergraduate medical students in a private medical university in Malaysia. Participants were divided into control (n=20) and intervention (n=20) group by block stratified randomization. A piece from Mozart Sonata for two Pianos in D, K.448 was played for 15 minutes and was given a content validated, self-developed questionnaire for the intervention group whereas only the self-developed questionnaire was given to the control group (no preceding music was played). The data analyzed by using unpaired t-test, mean, standard deviation and mean difference was calculated. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Our research was divided to four main domains under emotional intelligence. First domain; emotionality was assessed using four questions and a mean (SD) of 13.90 (4.13) for intervention group and 11.35 (2.76) for control group was obtained (p= 0.027). The second domain; self- control was assessed by two questions and a mean (SD) of 8.00 (1.81) for the intervention group and 6.55 (1.79) for the control group (p= 0.016). The third domain; sociability was assessed by four questions and a mean (SD) of 14.80 (3.93) for the intervention group and 13.05 (2.99) for the control group (p= 0.121). The fourth domain; wellbeing was assessed by five questions and a mean (SD) of 19,9 (4.35) for the intervention group and 17.6 (3.68) for the control group (p= 0.079). The result of our study is in alignment with prior research that had been done in South Africa whereby the outlook, emotionality, and self -discipline of high school students were improved due to music involvement.

Along with the technological development, the use of video-based learning has increased rapidly in the higher education sector. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of video-based learning on medical students’ memory while comparing with the effectiveness of text-based learning. A randomized controlled trial was performed in a private medical university in Malaysia by recruiting 40 medical students. The sample was randomized as block randomization. The intervention group was shown a video on DNA Fingerprinting and were given a questionnaire to assess the memory, concentration, satisfaction, and performance. The control group was given a text on the same topic which was followed by a questionnaire to assess the memory, concentration, satisfaction, and performance. All statistical tests were seen at two-tailed level of level of significance (p<0.05). The mean score percentage of the video-based learning was 74.5 whereas the text-based learning had a mean score percentage of 78.0. The text-based group scored more than the video-based group (mean score difference = 3.5±16.45, 95% CI = -7.93, 14.93, p= 0.538). The concentration was measured using a Likert scale and both the intervention and control group gave a score of 4. The study showed that the participants preferred video-based learning for future use. In conclusion, the video-based intervention learning was more preferred method than text-based learning although the mean score percentage was lower in the intervention group.

Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare entity among the extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis infection. It can be challenging to diagnose as it can mimics malignancy it when endoscopic examination shows left fossa of Rosenmuller mass. It presents as nasopharyngeal mass mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Here we report a case of secondary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis with laryngeal, trachea-bronchial tree, pulmonary and cervical nodal involvement is reported.

Prompt diagnosis can bewas achieved with combination of endoscopic, bacteriological and imaging investigations.

Good treatment outcome wasis achieved with following 9 months of anti-tubercular medications.

The high polyphenol content in blackcurrants is the most important component which makes it favorable for better mood enhancement and reduce perceived stress among medical students. There are a few randomized trials indicating that blackcurrant juice has a positive effect on mood. However, there are limited evidence showing that blackcurrant juice plays a role in reducing perceived stress. This pilot study utilized a randomized, single blind and placebo-controlled design to find out the effect of blackcurrant juice on mood and perceived stress. A total of 65 medical students were randomized into the intervention group (n=32) where they received blackcurrant juice for three consecutive days and into the control group (n=33) where they received placebo for three consecutive days as well. Evaluation of mood and perceived stress was done after three days by using Bond-Lader visual Analogue Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results show the blackcurrant group had a higher score in terms of calmness in subjective mood, as measured by the Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale at post-intervention [mean difference 8.60; 95% CI 0.25 to 16.95; P=0.044]. However, there was no significant difference between the groups with regards to positive and negative affect of mood, alertness and contentment of subjective mood, and perceived stress, as measured by the PANAS and perceived stress scale at post-intervention. When comparing the baseline and post-intervention, participants in the group receiving blackcurrant juice showed significant difference in mood based on the Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale and perceived stress. Around 15.6% of blackcurrant juice group had the side effects such as gas/bleaching. In a nutshell, blackcurrant juice poses a good effect on the overall mood and perceived stress.

Adequate knowledge of otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat, ENT) for undergraduate medical students and primary care providers (PCP) is vital for diagnosis and management as well as proper referral to the specialist for further management, as ENT problems are a major workload in primary care practice. In undergraduate medical study, it is vital to acquire ENT knowledge in the fourth-year and sustain it in the final-year and after graduation, to deliver efficient, realistic healthcare services to the population. This study was carried out to find out the sustainability of ENT knowledge in final-year International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia medical students with ENT posting in the fourth-year. We also aimed to assess the adequacy of undergraduate ENT posting for the duration of two weeks. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 medical students from a population of 560 IMU undergraduate students. Structured knowledge-based otolaryngology (ENT) 20 multiple-choice question (MCQ) questionnaires were developed based on curriculum and validated by a panel of family medicine specialists and ENT specialists. Assessment and grading were decided by a panel of specialists using the Nedelsky method. We concluded that there was a statistical significance between the ENT knowledge of students before and after their ENT posting [t (114): -7.463, p: 0.000]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the ENT knowledge of students who had recent ENT training and final-year students who completed their ENT training more than 6 months before.gas/bleaching. In a nutshell, blackcurrant juice poses a good effect on the overall mood and perceived stress.

Background: Esophageal diverticulum is a rare condition, and its pathophysiology varies according to its anatomical location in the esophagus (i.e., Zenker’s, Rokitansky, and Epiphrenic). Among the three, epiphrenic diverticulum is the rarest and is also known as pulsion diverticulum. It is caused by the herniation of mucosa and submucosa through the esophageal muscular layers as a result of increased intraluminal pressure, involving the distal third of the esophagus within 10cm of the esophagogastric junction.

A case of a 62-year-old lady with an obstructive esophageal diverticulum secondary to achalasia and megaesophagus that underwent minimally invasive total esophagectomy due to a dysfunctional esophagus.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old lady presented with a history of progressively worsening solid food dysphagia associated with a significant loss of weight. On examination, the patient was malnourished ( SGA B ). No remarkable findings were noted on abdominal, systemic, or laboratory investigations. Following a series of imaging examinations with manometry showing raised lower esophageal sphincter pressure and absence of peristalsis, the patient was diagnosed with a giant epiphrenic diverticulum with megaesophagus. After a length of nutritional built-up, the patient underwent minimally invasive total esophagectomy and gastric pull-up. Post-operatively, the patient was cared for in the intensive care unit and was discharged well on day 10 of post-operation. The patient was reviewed back again two weeks upon discharge and was noted to be well.

Discussion and Conclusions: Patients with epiphrenic diverticulum are mostly asymptomatic, and surgical interventions are reserved for progressively worsening symptomatic patients. It is mainly diagnosed by gastroscopy, contrasted studies, and manometry. Traditionally, diverticulectomy with myotomy is the treatment of choice for isolated esophageal diverticulum. Esophagectomy is an alternative approach and is the preferred surgical in this case when diverticulectomy with myotomy is not suitable. The surgical approach includes open or minimally invasive, with minimally invasive preferred. We proceeded with oesophagectomy since she was diagnosed with a giant epiphrenic diverticulum secondary to achalasia and megaesophagus

Emergency medical guidelines allow rapid assessment and decision-making during emergency medical scenarios. Therefore, the presentation of medical management protocols should be concise, illustrative, and user-friendly using flowcharts. This study aimed to determine the level of comprehension of medical information and the time taken to make accurate decisions during medical emergency scenarios when presented in a flowchart compared to standardised text format among undergraduate medical students. A randomised controlled trial was conducted among medical students at a private medical university in Malaysia. A total of 60 students were recruited by purposive sampling and randomised equally into control and intervention groups. Flowchart and standardised text versions of “Immediate Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)” were given, followed by a validated case-based scenario questionnaire. The data was analysed using Epi Info Software version 7.2.5.0 and SPSS software. The statistical tests used were Chi-square test, independent sample T-test and Fischer exact test. Based on the grading system, the level of comprehension was statistically significant (p = 0.043) among the groups. There was no significant difference in the time taken for correct answers among the two groups (p = 0.145). Based on the feedback form, medical students chose the flowchart as their preferred mode of medical information presentation (strongly agree) as it is a fast decision (p = 0.002) and agreement on understandability (p = 0.006 for agree, p = 0.001 for strongly agree). Using flowchart to analyse medical information enhanced the level of comprehension of students. The level of comprehension of medical information was significantly higher when using flowcharts compared to standardised text. Therefore, we recommend using flowcharts for future medical instruction, guidelines, and publications.

Improving the quality of life, encompassing physical and mental well-being is always the ultimate goal throughout all stages of life. However, the association between physical activity intensity and daily energy level remains relatively unexplored. This study investigated the factors associated with physical activity intensity and daily energy level. This cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting the general adult population in Malaysia. The online questionnaire, including demographics, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), and opinion-based questions were used for the data collection. The data was analyzed using Epi Info software version 7.2.5. A total of 205 respondents were included in our study. It was suggested that a higher proportion of the male population (80%) meets the WHO Recommended Physical Activity compared to females (62.2%). Notably, individuals taking medication or nutritional supplements demonstrated a significantly higher adherence percentage to the recommended physical activity (74.1%) than those not taking (61.3%). Underlying medical conditions emerged as a major influencing factor on physical health with a mean difference of 5.89, while caffeine intake had a significant impact on psychological health accounting for a mean difference of 4.48. Time constraint was identified as the primary barrier, constituting 26.34% of the total, whereas motivation, encouragement, and awareness were recognized as the main enabler facilitating regular physical activity, accounting for 43.9%. Overall, the majority of the respondents have positive thoughts and experiences on physical activity which allows them to improve or maintain physical health (22.93%), increase energy level (20.98%) and achieve satisfaction in daily life (20%). This study provides valuable insights into factors that influence adherence to recommended physical activity guidelines among the adult population in Malaysia. Further research and target interventions could be developed to improve this population's well-being and quality of life.

Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica (DEH) is a rare skeletal developmental disorder involving epiphyses of long bones. It primarily emerges during childhood and is characterised by an osteocartilaginous overgrowth involving epiphyses of long bones. Although the exact aetiology of DEH remains elusive, it can be treated conservatively or surgically via excision or corrective osteotomies, depending on the patient's clinical presentation. Radiological imaging must be carried out before surgery to prevent expected intraoperative complications if the patient is planned for surgical intervention. We are reporting a case of an 8-year-old child who presented with left knee pain with imaging demonstrating a DEH. The patient then underwent surgery. The patient had a rapid recovery following several rehabilitation sessions, and no recurrence was reported at the follow-up. The surgical outcome of DEH is unpredictable and largely dependent on several factors. Surgical options should be offered only to those with impacted symptoms.

Based on the classification of hormones, the enough ideas are scanty in most books. In this view, this article could exemplify a concrete solution, especially for Medical Science and Biology students. Hormones have many life-saving roles in the human body. With the deficiency of hormones, our body might fall huge problems. Information from books, articles, online supplements gave ideas on total hormones. The result suggested that endocrine and reproductive system jointly secreted 71 hormones (types were 56 in number). The highest number of hormones secreted from the ovary (10), then the kidney and testis (9). Out of 56 different hormones, the peptide hormones were 41(73.21%), steroid 27(48.21%), and amine 3(5.36%).

To boost up our active immunity there is no shortcut without vaccine. At the present context, vaccines are administering a lot like coronavirus vaccine. From the very beginning vaccines were used for preventing many diseases. With our correct food and exercise additionally, we need to take many vaccines especially for children. After reviewing some articles on vaccine this is clear that vaccines are very effective in our body.

To eradicate the violence from a nation, this type of article could help. After reviewing information, we could say that violence was common in our ancestry, but this is possible to overcome through understanding the human and animal behaviour.

Chylous fistula, a complication related to thoracic duct injury or its branches, may develop following neck or thoracic abdominal surgery. However, chyle leak after mastectomy with axillary clearance is an unusual phenomenon. Seroma formation and chronic lymphoedema of the upper limb are far more common. The reported incidence of chylous fistula after breast cancer surgery is less than 0.5%. It may delay wound healing, extend hospitalization, impair the immune system, and affect the initiation of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, I present a case of chyle leakage following a left -side nipple sparing mastectomy with axillary dissection in a patient with invasive carcinoma. Although rare, it is important that all breast surgeons should be aware that a chylous fistula can develop after axillary dissection and its available treatment options.

Chylous leakage is an unusual event after abdominal surgery and even more during colorectal procedures. Chylous leakage is a type of postoperative lymphatic leakage that occurs when chyle fluid drains from the drainage tube without evidence of lymphocele, lymphorrhea or chylous ascites. In this case, I present a 47-year-old male with an extended right hemicolectomy done for palliative measures. Based on literature search, this is the first reported case of its kind with rewarding conservative management.

Chyle leak post neck dissection is a rare but serious complication that poses a challenge to the surgeon. Its incidence ranges between 1-5% in neck dissections and more commonly occurs with dissection of the left side in the proximity of the thoracic duct. This is a first reported case of infected chyloma, following a Left Modified Radical Neck Dissection (MRND) with Central Lymph Node Dissection (CLND) which failed to be controlled with surgical exploration but was successfully treated with lymph angioembolization using ethiodised oil (Lipiodol).

Snake bites accounts for a less common yet significant morbidity and mortality among farmers, plantation workers and those outdoor labour workers, especially in those countries with heavy greeneries and forestry – Malaysia is one example (1). Statistically about 5 million people per year are bitten by snakes and approximately 0.02% - approximately 100,000 develops complication or sequelae from the bites (1). Bites from these venomous snakes can cause local and systemic envenomation that can lead to a life-threatening medical crisis (2). These snakes are prevalent in many tropical and subtropical countries. Malaysian data and literature on the snakebites and epidemiology is scarce. Snake bite incidences are not notifiable diseases in Malaysia however a quantitative data is available in the Malaysian Health Informative Centre (2).